Graduate Reflection Paper 4(a) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Graduate Reflection Paper 4(a) - Essay Example There are many factors that create a leader with strong communication skills. Covey (1989) states that being a good listener brings many benefits for the leader. It helps the leader build relationships and it is a very important part of appraisal and training. Covey also suggests that communication has four components: speaking, writing, reading and listening. Caputo et al. (2003) suggests that leaders must create a system of effective communication with their employees and leadership must have effective communication in order to have complete leadership. Covey (1990) created seven principles regarding communication: "Be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put first things first, think win/win, seek first to understand and then to be understood, synergize and sharpen the saw" (p. 41). Covey talks about these habits as human endowments that enhance a leaders communication skills by placing them in a frame of mind that creates their ability to move their employees forward (Covey, 1990). This means that they also need to have a voice in communication. Leaders must be active listeners, create a space for employees to speak their minds respectfully and help their employees to recognize their own voice (Covey, 2004). Each leader must be influential which means they also need to understand how to persuade their employees. This does not the must coerce their employees but rather understand how to move them towards what is expected or needed. Carnegie (1964) suggests that the one way to get someone to do something is to make them want to do it. A strong leaders does this by helping their employees improve, not by criticizing them. Also, leaders must show employees that they are appreciated. These ideas will help employees stay motivated to communicate well with their manager. This also means that the manager must seek to find a

The Human Eye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Human Eye - Essay Example The genes that govern many aspects of light detection, eye development, and neural development are the ones directing these processes in jawed vertebrates. These outstanding similarities to the eye of jawed vertebrates are far too many to have emerged separately. There are no living representatives of ancestry that split off from our line in the past 50 million years. Eyes of the hagfish differ intensely from the vertebrate standard even though they are vertebrates. This is because the eye of the hagfish lacks a cornea, iris, lens and all of the normal supporting muscles. Its retina consists of just two layers of the cell instead of three. Each eye is buried deep beneath a translucent patch of skin. The eye can undergo enormous degeneration and can be even lost altogether in as little as 10,000 years. The hagfish eye is not involved in vision but instead offers input to the part of the animal’s brain that controls crucial circadian rhythms, as well as seasonal events like breeding and feeding based in part on this parallel to the pineal gland. Mammalian eye also shows telltale clues to its evolutionary origin during embryological development. The circuit of the mammalian retina starts out in contrast to that of the hagfish, with the photoreceptors linking directly to the output neurons. Photoreceptor cells across the animal kingdom fall into two different classes- ciliary and rhabdomeric. Ciliary photoreceptors are accountable for sensing light for nonvisual functions in the vast majority of organisms.