Natural Justice The Crux Of Transcendentalism And...

Laurel Day HIST 1301-066 3 November 2015 Natural Justice: The Crux of Transcendentalism and Abolitionism The year was 1850. President Millard Fillmore had signed the Fugitive Slave Act into law, giving southern slave-owners the right to claim slaves they alleged had run away from their property in exchange for the federal government claiming California as a free state. Fillmore would not have signed the act without the pressure created by numerous slave rebellions over the last fifty years, with Nat Turner’s 1831 insurrection in Virginia being one of the most notable. Nevertheless, the law didn’t stop dissidents like John Brown in 1859 or Harriet Tubman from committing civil disobedience: in fact, such actions only strengthened the abolitionist movement and increased the likelihood of a civil war. Some of their supporters identified as transcendentalists, or writers and philosophers who believed that by looking to nature, a divine creation, society could solve its problems. In effect, they believed that because African-Americans were also God’s creatures, they too had agency. Three iconic writers associated with the movement made up for their financial failures as writers to become influential volunteers and activists that educated the American public about the repugnant nature of slavery, effectively rallying them to support their cause and the preservation of the Union. One of these supporters was Walt Whitman, a writer from an impoverished Quaker background who

Equal Opportunity for Financial Aid Free Essays

Most post secondary institutions consider themselves to be equal opportunity establishments, although their financial aid system does not always seem to agree. In leaving my native country for university I have personally gone through the difficulties of trying to get financial aid. If you are an international student your only hopes of obtaining any aid are based on your athletic ability or your SAT scores. We will write a custom essay sample on Equal Opportunity for Financial Aid or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we chose to come to America to get a university education, we should be treated as equals and allowed to apply for all the same financial aid that the American students do. It is every student-athletes dream to come to an American university. Athletes from around the world try to obtain athletic scholarships in hopes of getting the training and recognition to be able to go professional. Unfortunately not every athlete is able to obtain a full athletic scholarship, leaving the student to come up with the remainder. Not that we all deserve full scholarships, but in order to qualify for an I-20 student visa you must show proof of having 15,000 American dollars at your dispense. Once that amount is converted to Malaysian funds that amount is nearly $60,000, significantly more than ny American student needs proof of. The Malaysian government does not agree with giving of athletic scholarships, therefore they withhold any funding for student-athletes to leave to study in the United States. There is one source of financial aid for post secondary students from Malaysia, For students studying internationally, called the Malaysia Student Assistance Program. This is a near impossible student loan to obtain, it is available to students who’s parents either make enough money to send them anywhere they want to go, or for students who could ot afford to go to university in Malaysia, therefore needing the athletic scholarships only offered in the United States. Being from a middle class family I, like many other Malaysian student-athletes could not qualify for this loan because of my working class The other option for international students to obtain financial aid from the institution of education would be from their SAT scores. The United States is the only country in which this standardized test is mandatory. In Malaysia the cost of taking this test is $100 American, which converts to approximately $ 400 Malaysian, the cost of aking this test restricts most people from taking it numerous times as we are prompted to do. I could only afford to take the test once, therefore limiting my academic scholarship American students also have to opportunity to hold employment while in university. International students according to the I-20 student visa are unable to hold employment. We are not given social security numbers or citizenship status, although the majority of us will end up acquiring a green card and living in the United States by the time that we are done our university educations. For the amount of money we are giving to the American economy one would think that they would be grateful and be willing to give back by helping to subsidize our education. We are forced into bank loans, and personal loans to pay for our education. The thought of living in debt for the rest of by life trying to pay back seven years of post-secondary education is absolutely terrifying. As well as the thought of only being nineteen years old an already being in debt, because I am unable to hold a job or obtain any sort of financial aid because I am not an American The Malaysian government has a right to withhold money from its citizens for leaving the country, as well as the American government has a right to only give to American citizens. I am just unsure as to why either country would want to with hold money from any student from any country. In a time where education is so important to the future why would either country want to hold its youth back. We would not be aiding or taking away from either economy by studying in another country. We aid the American economy by continuing our education here, and then we return to our country f origin where we pursue summer and winter employment, where we still pay taxes. We are not helping solely our economy of our country of origin, but we are helping a global economy by becoming aware of not just our country, but also other countries. We remain sheltered if we stay in one place all our lives, we need to explore and see the world, and we can start by going from our home country to another for post secondary education. The opportunity to study in another country does not come to everyone, but to those it does come to, it is a very difficult opportunity to pass up. If we are invited to this county to continue our education, why are we not treated as equals, both emotionally and financially. We, like the American students are just that, students. We do not come here because we do not want to study in our native countries, we come for the opportunity to experience new things, meet new people and become more educated, just like the American students. We do not come here to be judged or treated differently. We came to be treated like what we are, students, regardless of where we came from. How to cite Equal Opportunity for Financial Aid, Papers

Corporate Governance for Australian Institute-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Prepare a report to be submitted to the AICD evaluating the evidence that the responsibility of a Company director is to place Shareholder interests above those of other Stakeholders. Answer: Introduction The concept of corporate governance has emerged in the recent few decades but when the corporate governance was not there, the entire focus of the management was used to be on enhancing the shareholders wealth. However, after introduction of the concept of corporate governance, the focus of management has shifted from the shareholders wealth to fulfilling the needs of the other stakeholder also. It is the fact that a company operates to earn profits but earning the profits by disregarding the needs of other stakeholders does not lead to sustainability (Rosenbaum, Bonker, and Wagener, 2000). The other stakeholders of the business are the environment, society, and government. Thus, now the management of the company is not only required to take into account the needs of shareholders but it is also required to consider the needs of other stakeholders. It is argued that striking out the balance between the needs of all the stakeholders is the key to sustainable long term success (Rosenbau m, Bonker, and Wagener, 2000). In the context developed above, a report has been presented in this document that provides discussion on the board of directors role in fulfilling the stakeholder needs. Further, the discussion in this report is extended to corporate governance and its significance for the organizational success. The report provides examples and recommendations for the use of board of directors in addressing its objective of enhancing the shareholders wealth. Corporate Governance and Its Significance The need for corporate governance has been seen to be increasing in the corporate world in the recent decade. There have been observed various unethical and illegitimate practices that have laid the foundation of promulgation of the corporate governance rules (Wright et al., 2013). In the past two decades, there have been observed to be many corporate scandals causing reforms in the regulatory regime across the globe. The corporate scandals were the main reason for loss of faith of the investors in the organizations leading. Due to the investor losing faith, the capital market suffered badly all over the world. In order to stop the illegitimate practices and promote sustainable growth, the regulators have framed the corporate governance guidelines to be complied by the corporations mandatorily (Wright et al., 2013). The sustainability is essential for the business to achieve its objectives and thrive in the long run. The triple bottom line framework which was developed years ago also states that it is crucial for the business to maintain sustainability. According to the triple bottom line framework, the management has to ensure that a proper balance is maintained between three essential areas such as society, environment, and finance (Henriques and Richardson, 2013). This implies that the management should not only focus on the achievement of financial goals but it should also fulfill the social and environmental needs. The triple bottom line framework emphasizes that contribution for the development society and environment is necessary enhance the sustainability. Further, it states that the financial objectives of the business would be automatically achieved if the business fulfills its commitment towards social and environmental development (Henriques and Richardson, 2013). The corporate governance helps companies in framing structures, policies, and procedures in the best manner. Further, it promotes fairness and transparency in the companys operations and stresses on enhancing the accountability of the management. Enhancing the accountability of the management is in the context of its duties for social and environmental development and increasing the wealth of the shareholders (Keay, 2015). The directors are the supreme governing body of the management in a company and thus, they are responsible to fulfill organizations commitment towards all the stakeholders. The directors are responsible to plan and supervise the companys operations in such a manner that it meets the needs of all the stakeholders in a balanced manner (Keay, 2015). Role of Board of Directors The shareholders are owners of the business and they hold the right to claim profits earned by the company. However, the shareholders are generally not involved in managing the day to day business affairs. The shareholders are large in numbers which is the reason that they can not engage in the management of business affairs (Keay, 2015). The shareholders elect the directors of the company for management of the business affairs. The directors are given powers to supervise, control, and direct the business affairs. Simultaneously, the directors are also vested with responsibility to work in the best interest of the shareholders. It is the duty of the directors to direct the business affairs in such as manner that it leads to financial prosperity and increases the wealth of the shareholders (Keay, 2015). The objective of increase in the wealth of the shareholder is now not so emphasized as it was used to be in the past. In the past when the corporations were not much focused on the sustainability and the corporate governance, the directors were used to work with the primary objective of increasing profits and thereby increasing the wealth of the shareholders (Henriques and Richardson, 2013). However, in the recent past two decades since when the companies have started focusing sustainability and the corporate governance, the focus of the directors have shifted from shareholders wealth. Now, the directors are not only required to ensure enhancement in the shareholders wealth but they are also required to fulfill needs of other stakeholders such as society, environment, government, employees, creditors and lenders of the company etc (Henriques and Richardson, 2013). Needs of different stakeholders are different and the directors play a major role to balance these needs and satisfy every stakeholder not just the shareholders. The company usages environmental resources and thus, it owes to pay back to the environment. Further, the company operates and produces goods for the use of society (Henriques and Richardson, 2013). It is the responsibility of the company to contribute for development of the environment and society. The directors being the supreme governing body are duty bound to build a strong governance mechanism that ensures companys commitment towards environment and society. Further, there are other stakeholders such as government, employees, and lenders. The government wants the financial statements of the company portraying true and fair picture of the state of affairs of the business (Henriques and Richardson, 2013). The directors play a major role in framing policies and procedures and promoting good governance. Good governance is essential to promote good accounting and financial reporting practices within the company (Henriques and Richardson, 2013). Further, the employees expect that the companys management works in an unbiased and fair manner. It is the prime responsibility of the board of directors to ensure that fair work practices are prevailing in the company. The lenders provide money to the company having the faith that the company would do good business and it would pay the money lent back within the agreed time frame. The directors are duty obliged to ensure that the company performs good and it fulfill its commitments towards the lenders (Henriques and Richardson, 2013). Therefore, the directors are responsible not only to meet the shareholder needs but also the needs of other stakeholders. The directors can not give shareholders needs more importance than the needs of other stakeholders. The shareholders need increase in profitability and their wealth (Monetary Authority of Singapore, 2004). For the longer term view point, it is possible only when the directors fulfill their commitment towards the society and the environment. It is rightly said that the shareholders value should not be the primary objective of the directors rather they should take it as an outcome of companys activities. It is inferred that if the company is complying with the corporate governance principles and it is fulfilling its commitment towards society, environment, and other stakeholders, it will automatically be able perform well and enhance the shareholders value (Monetary Authority of Singapore, 2004). Considering the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the companies from all over the world are taking measures to comply with CSR requirements. A survey report of KPMG depicts that 90% of the worlds top companies have adopted corporate social or sustainability reporting. The companies are taking pro-active action in regards to compliance with the corporate social norms (Sainty, 2016). Further, Lama (2013) has carried a research to explore the impact of compliance with corporate governance on the firms profitability. The empirical evidence from the research work depicts that it has a positive impact. This means that the companies complying with the corporate social responsibility are experiencing better growth in profitability (Lama, 2013). Further, the research reveals that the firms complying with the corporate governance norms have been found to be registering increase in the net profits and return on equity. Further, due to increase in the net profits and the return on equity, the shareholders wealth has also been found to be affected positively (Lama, 2013). Further, the study reveals that the compliance with corporate governance helps in regaining investor confidence which is needed by the firms after various corporate scandals being happened. Regaining the investors faith in the capital market was crucial helping the market stimulate and bringing the economy back to the growth path (Lama, 2013). There are empirical evidences that prove the importance of corporate governance and sustainability for a company. The adoption of corporate governance and sustainability practices is crucial for the long term survival for every company. The corporate governance principles and practices require that the companys management give importance to the social and environmental development (Lama, 2013). This implies that the directors are required to give prominence to the development of the society and environment rather than increasing profits and shareholders wealth. The increase in profitability and shareholders wealth would automatically be achieved as a result of companys activities being directed to the achievement of corporate governance and sustainability (Lama, 2013). Recommendations From the discussion carried out in the report, it could be articulated that to achieve the objectives of business that is to survive and thrive, it is essential for the firm to adopt the corporate governance and sustainability principles. The board of directors being the supreme governing body has to take proactive actions to create an environment of governance and lead the company to adopt the sustainability practices. It has been established through the empirical evidences that the prime focus of the management should be on fulfilling the needs of society and the environment. The objective of increasing the shareholders wealth would automatically be achieved if the company complies with the corporate governance and sustainability principles. In regards to the achievement of companys objectives of increasing the shareholders wealth and meeting the expectations of other stakeholders, following recommendations have been drawn for directors: Recommedation-1: Frame a code of conduct The directors are recommended to formulate a code of conduct that will guide the organizations activities. The code of conduct must promote good governance in the organization and it should provide for the objectives to be achieved in relation to social, environmental, and economic development (Kocmanova, Hrebicek, and Docekalova, 2011). Recommedation-2: Ensure proper independence in the management The shareholders are recommended to compose a board in such a manner that it promotes independence. The Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 also emphasizes the importance of independence in the board. The sufficient number of directors on the board must be independent (Zhao, 2011). Recommedation-3: Ensure balancing between the needs of different stakeholders The directors are recommended to pursue their goal of increasing the shareholders wealth through ethical and sustainable means. The directors should strike out a proper balance between the differing needs of different stakeholders such as shareholders, society, environment, government, employees, and lenders (Bals and Tate, 2016). Recommedation-4: Focusing on long term It is recommended to the directors of the company that they formulate the policies and procedures taking longer term perspective. Short term profiteering should not be the goals of the directors. The shareholders worth is created by adopting the long term sustainable business practices. The adoption of corporate governance and sustainability practices may result in loosing profits in the initial years but it will ultimately create wealth for the shareholders in the long term (Howell and Sorour, 2016). References Bals, L. and Tate, W. 2016. Implementing Triple Bottom Line Sustainability into Global Supply Chains. Greenleaf Publishing. Henriques, A. and Richardson, A. 2013. The Triple Bottom Line: Does It All Add Up. Earthscan. Howell, K.E. and Sorour, M.K. 2016. Corporate Governance in Africa: Assessing Implementation and Ethical Perspectives. Springer. Keay, A. 2015. Board Accountability in Corporate Governance. Routledge. Kocmanova, A., Hrebicek, J., and Docekalova, M. 2011. Corporate Governance and Sustainability. Journal of economics and management, 2011(16), pp. 543-550. Lama, T.B. 2013. Empirical Evidence on the Link Between Compliance with Governance of Best Practice and Firms' Operating Results. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 6(5), pp. 63-80. Monetary Authority of Singapore. 2004. Review of Literature Empirical Research on Corporate Governance. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mas.gov.sg/~/media/resource/publications/staff_papers/MAS%20Staff%20Paper%20No%2029.pdf [Accessed at: 04 August 2017]. Rosenbaum, E., Bonker, F., and Wagener, H. 2000. Privatization, Corporate Governance and the Emergence of Markets. Springer, 2000. Sainty, R. 2016. Engaging boards of directors at the interface of corporate sustainability and corporate governance. [Online]. Available at: engaging_directors_sustainability_governance_march_2016.pdf Wright, M., Siegel, D.S., Keasey, K., and Filatotchev, I. 2013. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Governance. OUP Oxford. Zhao, Y. 2011. Corporate Governance and Directors' Independence. Kluwer Law International

Ramu and Rani free essay sample

They worked hard to ensure that their love would continue by Razia fighting with her father for the right to marry the narrator. There is also no thought of ever splitting up, which shows that the love is unconditional. This type of love is only experienced by the lucky. The second type of love is Companionate love, which is experienced by Nathu and his wife Jasho. This is because although they do not experience the same volume of romance and passion as the other two couples, they have been together for a very long time and therefore love each other very much. Although the romance and compassion are not vivid in this relationship, the relationship is mutually beneficial because it helps both of them advance their careers and ensure that they both stay alive and fed. This type of love is a more practical, but largely considered less enjoyable type of love. We will write a custom essay sample on Ramu and Rani or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The final type of love, Philos is experienced between Ramu and Rani. It is a Philos love because Ramu and Rani were very good friends from a very young age, strengthening their bond as friends. As the two grew older they eventually grew into having feelings for each other that neither of them could shake. Their love became unconditional in the sense that they tried to defy the father’s orders and maintain their relationship. A male and female who have known and liked each other for a very long time often experience this type of love. Iqbal Ahmad did a very good job showing the different types of love, and that although they are different and some may be considered better than others, they are all valuable. First is Agape, or true love. Second is Companionate love, which is from being together for so long. Finally, there is Philos love, which is love between two friends. This shows that there are many different types of love.